What does the term "incidental" most nearly mean?

The term "incidental" refers to something that occurs as a minor or secondary consequence of something else. It often describes events or factors that are not the primary focus but happen alongside the main issue. In this context, the word "subordinate," which means of lesser importance or secondary, aligns most closely with the meaning of "incidental." Incidental matters are those that are not the main focus and are considered secondary in relation to what is primary or dominant.

The other terms do not capture the essence of "incidental." To alleviate means to make something less severe, vex means to annoy or frustrate, and dishearten means to discourage someone or reduce their enthusiasm. These meanings do not reflect the idea of something being subordinate or secondary, which is why they are not appropriate synonyms for "incidental."